Caspian Adventure – Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkmenistan

2050 €, 15 Days

Join us on an extraordinary adventure through the captivating landscapes and rich cultural tapestry of the Caspian region with our "Caspian Adventure" itinerary. Over the course of 15 days, traverse the enchanting territories of Azerbaijan, Iran, and Turkmenistan, where ancient history, breathtaking natural wonders, and vibrant traditions await. Your journey commences in the bustling metropolis of Baku, Azerbaijan's vibrant capital, where you'll delve into the city's past and present. Explore the mysterious Temple of Fire and witness the mesmerizing Yanardag, a natural gas fire that burns perpetually on the Absheron Peninsula. Marvel at architectural masterpieces like the Heydar Aliyev Center before embarking on a serene boat tour of the Caspian Sea. Venture into the ancient past as you journey to Gobustan, home to remarkable petroglyphs dating back to the 8th millennium BC, and then cross into Iran, where the scenic beauty of Anzali lagoon and Ramsar's picturesque landscapes await. In Iran's dynamic capital, Tehran, immerse yourself in the rich tapestry of Persian culture with visits to the Golestan Palace and the National Museum, before continuing to Mashhad, home to the revered Mausoleum of Imam Reza. Crossing into Turkmenistan, embark on a captivating exploration of Ashgabat's architectural wonders before venturing into the rugged wilderness of Yangykala Canyon and the mesmerizing Darwaza gas crater, known as the “The door to hell”.

Highlights:
♦ The Caspian Sea - the world's largest inland body of water, renowned for its unique biodiversity and economic significance
♦ Yanar Dag - meaning "Burning Mountain" - an Azerbaijani natural wonder, where natural gas vents produce perpetual flames
♦ Baku - the vibrant capital of Azerbaijan, known for its striking modern architecture, rich cultural heritage, and bustling cosmopolitan atmosphere
♦ Mashhad - one of the holiest cities in the Shia Muslim world and home to the Imam Reza Shrine - one of the largest mosques in the world
♦ Golestan Palace - a stunning architectural complex located in Tehran, which showcases a blend of Persian artistry and royal grandeur and is a UNESCO world heritage site
♦ The Anzali Lagoon - a serene and ecologically diverse wetland sanctuary, located in Iran's lush northern region
♦ The Dervaza Gas Crater - a burning natural gas field in the middle of the Karakum Desert in Turkmenistan
♦ Yangykala Canyon - also known as the Grand Canyon of Turkmenistan, renowned for its towering cliffs and vividly colored rock formations
♦ Ashgabat - the capital of Turkmenistan, a city characterized by its gleaming white marble architecture, lavish monuments, and meticulously landscaped parks

Itinerary:

Day 1. Arrival in Baku
Arrival at the airport in Baku and transfer to the hotel for overnight.-/-/-

Day 2. Baku - Ateshgah - Yanar Dag - Baku
After breakfast, we are heading to our first stop of the day - the ancient Zoroastrian Temple Ateshgah, also known as the "Fire Temple of Baku". Fire holds great significance in Zoroastrianism and is considered a symbol of purity and a manifestation of the divine light of Ahura Mazda. Although there are almost no practising Zoroastrians in Azerbaijan today, the religion has left a deep mark on the country’s history, traditions and culture. Afterwards, we will continue to “The Burning Mountain” - Yanar Dag. The flame at Yanar Dag has been burning for centuries, making it an enduring and natural phenomenon. It is one of the few continuously burning fires on the planet. The naturally occurring fire here results from the ignition of natural gas seeping through the porous sandstone layers of the Absheron Peninsula. We will then have a short photo stop at the Heydar Aliyev Center (only outside) - an iconic architectural masterpiece in Baku. Designed by the renowned Iraqi-British architect Zaha Hadid, the center now serves as a cultural hub and encompasses a variety of functions. Its distinctive flowing, futuristic design has garnered international acclaim and has become a symbol of modernity and cultural innovation in Azerbaijan. We will finish our day with a scenic boat trip in the Caspian Sea, before returning to the hotel for overnight. B/-/-

Day 3. Baku - Gobustan - Astara (Iran)
Today we are checking out of our hotel in Baku and heading towards the border with Iran. Our first stop for the day will be Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape - a UNESCO World Heritage Site located approximately 60 km southwest of Baku. The area is known for its unique geological formations and ancient rock engravings that date back to between 5,000 and 40,000 years ago. The petroglyphs here depict scenes of prehistoric life, hunting, dancing, rituals, and various animals. In addition to the petroglyphs, Gobustan is famous for its mud volcanoes, which are a unique geological phenomenon. These small eruptions of mud, gas, and water create otherworldly landscapes, often compared to scenes from another planet. In the afternoon, we will cross the border with Iran and arrive at the border city of Astara, in the Gilan Province of Iran. The city serves as a major gateway for trade and transportation between the two countries. It is also known for its lush green landscapes, thanks to the region's favourable climate and proximity to the Caspian Sea. B/-/-

Day 4. Astara - Bandar-e Anzali (Iran)
Today, we will continue exploring the Iranian Caspian Sea coastline and drive towards the city of Bandar-e Anzali. We will have a short stop on the way to explore the beautiful nature of the Gisoom Protected Area. This park is renowned for its pristine forests, diverse wildlife, and stunning landscapes. There are designated trails and scenic viewpoints throughout the park, allowing visitors to explore its natural beauty while immersing themselves in the tranquillity of the forest. We will arrive in the city of Bandar-e Anzali in the afternoon and visit its main sites, like the Anzali Lagoon - one of the largest lagoons in Iran. The lagoon is characterized by its rich biodiversity, serving as a habitat for a wide variety of plant and animal species. It is home to numerous migratory birds, including flamingos, pelicans, herons, and ducks, making it a paradise for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts. The Anzali Lagoon is not only ecologically important but also economically significant, supporting local fisheries and providing livelihoods for many people in the region. We will then have a walk around the city and visit its famous fish market before arriving in our hotel for overnight. B/-/-

Day 5. Bandar-e Anzali - Ramsar
Today we are heading to one of the most beautiful spots of the Caspian sea - the city of Ramsar. With its abundant lush landscapes, waterways, and natural hot springs, the city offers an ideal retreat for a few days of relaxation. It has earned its reputation as a beloved destination among both local and global travelers alike. Ramsar is also known for being the namesake of the Ramsar Convention, an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands, which was signed in the city in 1971. We will first explore the city center and visit some highlights like the Ramsar Palace - a historical building that served as a summer residence for the last Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and his family. We will then take a walk along Casino Boulevard (Moallem Boulevard) - the tree-lined avenue which connects the Caspian Sea Coast and The Old Hotel, built in the 1930s. We will finish our city tour with a ride on the Telecabin - a cable car that takes you about 700m above sea level and provides a breathtaking view over the sea and the surrounding mountains. B/-/-

Day 6. Ramsar - Tehran
After breakfast at the hotel, we are heading on a scenic journey towards the capital of Tehran. Situated at the foothills of the majestic Alborz mountain range, Tehran is not only the political and economic center of Iran but also a vibrant hub of art, education, and innovation. Before arriving at our hotel, we will have a stop at one of the most prominent architectural landmarks of the city - the Tabiat Bridge. Designed by Iranian architect Leila Araghian, Tabiat Bridge is renowned for its innovative and striking design. The bridge consists of three levels of pedestrian walkways supported by a series of curved steel beams, resembling the shape of a tree branch. This design not only provides structural stability but also creates a visually captivating aesthetic that integrates harmoniously with the surrounding natural landscape. Another iconic architectural landmark in the city is Azadi Tower, also known as the Freedom Tower. It represents the country's long history, resilience, and aspirations for freedom and independence. The tower's name, "Azadi," translates to "freedom" in Persian, reflecting its role as a symbol of national unity and pride. Overnight in a hotel in Tehran. B/-/-

Day 7. Tehran - Mashhad
Today we will continue exploring the capital city and we will visit the majestic Golestan Palace, which showcases the grandeur and opulence of Iran's royal history. It is renowned for its stunning architecture, exquisite tile work, and lush gardens. It consists of several palaces, halls, and courtyards, each adorned with intricate decorations and ornate furnishings. Highlights of the palace complex include the Marble Throne Hall, the Mirror Hall, and the Diamond Hall, all of which are adorned with dazzling mirrors, chandeliers, and paintings. We will also visit the National Museum of Tehran, where we will learn even more about the country's rich history. After that, we will catch a flight to our next stop - the city of Mashhad in northeastern Iran. Mashhad is one of the country's most important cities and a major pilgrimage destination for Shia Muslims. Overnight in a hotel in Mashhad. B/-/-

Day 8. Mashhad
Today we will be exploring the main sites of Mashhad, starting with the Goharshad Mosque. Built in the 15th century, the Goharshad Mosque exemplifies the exquisite craftsmanship and architectural mastery of the Timurid era. The mosque's design incorporates elements of Persian, Timurid, and Islamic architectural styles, featuring intricate tilework, calligraphy, and geometric patterns. We will then visit the Imam Reza Holy Shrine - one of the most revered religious sites in Shia Islam. Imam Reza was the eighth Imam of Twelver Shia Islam and a direct descendant of the Prophet Muhammad. He was a central figure in the political and religious landscape of the Islamic world during his time and was known for his wisdom, compassion, and devotion to Islam. After exploring the shrine, we will have some time to wander around the city's bustling bazaars which offer a wide range of goods, including textiles, clothing, jewellery, spices, handicrafts, and others. Overnight in a hotel in Mashhad. B/-/-

Day 9. Mashhad - Ashgabat (Turkmenistan)
Today we are heading towards our last country on the itinerary - Turkmenistan. We will cross the border at the Gaudan – Bajgiran border crossing point and then continue driving to the capital city of Ashgabat. Ashgabat is often called the "City of White Marble" due to its extensive use of marble in its buildings and monuments.
The city is known for its grandiose buildings and monuments commissioned by former president Saparmurat Niyazov and his successor, Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow. Some of the city's main architectural landmarks include the Turkmenistan Tower, Independence Monument, and Ashgabat Olympic Complex, which showcase futuristic designs and opulent aesthetics. Depending on our arrival time, we will explore some of them this evening. Overnight in a hotel in Ashgabat. B/-/-/

Day 10. Asghabat - Turkmenbashi
Today we will explore Ashgabat's main landmarks, starting with the Sunday Bazaar or the Central Bazaar - vibrant marketplaces teeming with the sights, sounds, and aromas of Turkmenistan's bustling trade culture. Our next stop will be the Turkmenbashi Mosque-Mausoleum, the resting place for Saparmurat Niyazov, the leader of Turkmenistan from 1985 to 2006. Next on our itinerary is the Nisa Fortress which dates back to the 3rd century BCE and was built by the Parthians, who ruled over a vast empire that stretched across present-day Iran, Turkmenistan, and parts of Central Asia. Some of the other points of interest in the city that we will visit include the the Neutrality Arch, Independence Park, Earthquake Memorial and others. In the evening, we are heading to the train station to catch the overnight train to Turkmenbashi (shared sleeping car).B/-/-

Day 11. Turkmenbashi - Yangykala Canyon - Gozli Ata
Today we are heading towards one of Turkmenistan’s most impressive natural attractions - the Yangikala Canyon, also known as the Grand Canyon of Turkmenistan. This stunning geological formation boasts dramatic cliffs, rugged terrain, and vibrant hues of red, orange, and yellow, creating a landscape that is both striking and surreal. The name "Yangikala" translates to "fiery fortress" in the Turkmen language, a fitting description for the canyon's fiery-colored cliffs and rugged terrain. After having a picnic in the region, we will take a short trip to Gozli Ata - a revered pilgrimage site and a mausoleum complex. It is dedicated to the memory of Gözli Ata, a revered Sufi mystic and spiritual leader who lived in the region during the 14th century. The complex is adorned with intricate tilework, calligraphy, and decorative motifs, reflecting the artistic and architectural styles of the region. Overnight in a tent camp in the region. B/L-picnic lunch/D

Day 12. Yangykala - Ygdykala Fortress - Melegoch
Today we will continue driving through the desert terrain, navigating the sandy slopes and tracing the path of the ancient Uzboy riverbed, now dried up.
We will have a short stop to explore the remnants of the early Parthian Ygdykala fortress, serving as a poignant reminder of the once-vital role played by this river in the region's history. In the late afternoon, we will reach the desert settlement of Melegoch, where we will spend the night in a tent camp. B/L/D

Day 13. Malegoch - Darvaza Gas Crater
Today we will visit one of Turkmenistan's most famous landmarks - the Dervaza Crater, also known as the "Door to Hell". This crater, which has been burning continuously for over five decades, has captivated travelers, scientists, and adventurers from around the world with its eerie glow and surreal landscape. The origins of the Darvaza Crater can be traced back to 1971 when a Soviet drilling rig accidentally punctured a natural gas cavern, causing the ground to collapse and releasing large quantities of methane gas. To prevent the spread of the dangerous gas, engineers decided to set the crater on fire, expecting it to burn out within a few weeks. However, the flames have continued to burn unabated ever since. We will spend the night in a yurt camp near the crater. B/-/D

Day 14. Dervaza - Ashgabat
Today, we are heading back to Ashgabat. After arriving at the hotel, you will have some free time to explore the city on your own. B/-/-

Day 15. Departure.
Transfer to the airport for departure. B/-/-

Price Includes:
accommodation according to the itinerary (10 nights in standard 3* hotels in en-suite rooms,2 nights in tent camps,1 night in a yurt camp and 1 night in the overnight sleeper train)
all meals according to the itinerary (B-breakfast,L-lunch,D-dinner)
airport transfers according to the itinerary
train ticket in a sleeper coach Ashgabat-Turkmenbashi
domestic flight Tehran-Mashhad
local English-speaking guides and tour leader from Penguin Travel (at min. 10 people)

Not Included:
international flights
visas
insurance
entrance fees
drinks and meals not mentioned
personal expenses
tips for guides and drivers

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