Western Sahara and Mauritania

Embark on an unforgettable journey through the heart of Western Sahara and Mauritania, where desert landscapes, ancient towns, and coastal wonders come together in a truly immersive adventure. From the historic streets of Laayoune to the serene shores of Dakhla Bay, you'll explore regions rich in culture, nature, and untold stories. Cross into Mauritania to discover bustling markets, UNESCO-listed cities like Chinguetti and Ouadane, and the surreal Richat Structure—known as the “Eye of Africa.” Catch a glimpse of the legendary Iron Ore Train as it rumbles across the desert—a powerful symbol of Mauritania and one of the longest trains in the world. Along the way, unwind at peaceful oases, marvel at desert monoliths, and enjoy authentic encounters with local communities. This unique expedition offers a perfect blend of history, geology, and raw Saharan beauty.

Highlights:

♦ Laayoune & Dakhla – Cities of Contrast - From vibrant Laayoune to tranquil Dakhla, experience the soul of Western Sahara
♦ Nouadhibou – Cap Blanc & Iron Ore Train - Watch the sun set over dramatic cliffs at Cap Blanc and see the iconic Iron Ore Train cross the desert
♦ Ben Amira Monolith & Terjit Oasis - Stand beneath Africa’s tallest monolith, then unwind in a lush desert oasis
♦ Ouadane & Chinguetti – Ancient Desert Towns - Explore historic caravan towns with centuries-old mosques and manuscripts
♦ Nouakchott – Markets & Coastline - Dive into local life at Mauritania’s bustling capital and Atlantic coast

Itinerary:

Day 1. Arrival in Laayoune
Welcome to Laayoune (El Aaiún), the largest city in the Western Sahara, with a population of approximately 280,000 people as of 2023. Although the city is de facto under Moroccan administration, it holds a significant historical and cultural position in the region. Laayoune’s origins trace back to 1938, when it was founded by the Spanish captain Antonio de Oro. It later became the administrative capital of Spanish Sahara starting in 1958, before the territory’s shift in political status. The city, with its mix of modern infrastructure and historical influences, provides an intriguing blend of old and new, with influences from both Spanish colonialism and contemporary Moroccan administration. Upon arrival, you’ll check into your hotel, Hotel Sahara Line or a similar accommodation, where you can relax and prepare for the exciting journey ahead. -/-/-

Day 2. Laayoune - Tarfaya - Khnifiss National Park - Laayoune
After breakfast, we set off for Tarfaya, located about 100 km from Laayoune. Tarfaya, once known as Villa Bens during the colonial era, has a fascinating history. In 1958, it became part of Morocco after the Ifni War, which followed the country’s independence. The town is notably famous for its connection to the legendary French writer and aviator Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, who lived here for two years (1927-1928). It was during his time in Tarfaya that he was inspired to write his world-renowned masterpiece, The Little Prince, which has since been translated into over 300 languages. hile in Tarfaya, we will visit the Antoine de Saint-Exupéry Museum, which offers insights into his life, his time in the region, and his contributions to both literature and aviation.Afterward, enjoy a walk along the town’s endless, wide sandy beach and take in the fresh ocean breeze as you admire the haunting remains of the Casamar fort.
After lunch, we continue our journey to Khnifiss National Park, a pristine natural reserve and one of the most important bird nesting grounds in the region. This protected area is home to a variety of species, including Ruddy Shelduck, Marbled Duck, and Audouin's Gull, which are permanent residents of the lagoon. Each winter, the park also hosts around 20,000 migratory birds, making it a key stopover for species traveling along their migration routes. After our exploration, we’ll return to Laayoune for the evening, where we’ll relax and unwind for an overnight stay. B/-/-

Day 3. Laayoune - Dakhla
Today, we head south along the Atlantic coast on a scenic 7-hour drive to Dakhla. The landscapes shift dramatically as we travel— from arid plains to sweeping desert vistas—building a sense of anticipation as the road stretches toward the horizon. Overnight at Hotel Mansour or similar. B/-/-

Day 4. Dakhla Bay - Dragon Island and White Dune
Perched on a 40 km-long peninsula stretching into the Atlantic, Dakhla is a peaceful haven between ocean and lagoon. Located just 400 km from the Mauritanian border, this remote gem marks the gateway to Western Sahara. Originally a colonial port at the mouth of the Oued Eddahab—“the river of gold”—Dakhla has since become a world-renowned destination for fishing and surfing.
Today, we set out on a half-day boat trip across Dakhla Bay, heading to Dragon Island and the striking White Dune. Along the way, take in breathtaking coastal views and immerse yourself in the raw beauty of nature—an experience sure to leave lasting memories. B/-/-

In the unlikely event of strong winds preventing us from reaching the White Dune by boat, we’ll travel there by land instead. Afterward, we’ll continue to the stunning Porto Rico Beach nearby – a perfect spot to relax and enjoy the coastline.

Day 5. Transfer to Mauritania - Nouadhibou & Cap Blanc
Our journey continues south for another 400 km towards the famous Guerguerat Border. After completing border formalities, we will reach Nouadhibou, Mauritania’s second city, by the afternoon. Upon arrival, we’ll explore Nouadhibou, starting with a visit to Cansado, the historic Spanish District. From there, we’ll take a leisurely stroll through the bustling open-air market, soaking in the local atmosphere or visit the fishermen harbour. Next, we head to Cap Blanc, home to the last colony of monk seals in Africa. This peaceful region offers stunning views. As the day winds down, we’ll embark on a sunset drive, taking in the haunting beauty of the old ship graveyard and follow the path of the iron ore train rail line, a unique and atmospheric experience. For those with an appetite for local flavors, we’ll offer an optional stop to enjoy some fresh seafood at a nearby restaurant, showcasing the area’s rich maritime heritage. In the evening, we’ll check in at Hotel Al Jazira or a similar hotel for a restful overnight stay.  B/-/-

Please note:
Depending on the time of arrival and border formalities, your arrival time may vary. If there is a late arrival, activities that cannot be completed on Day 1 will be shifted to the morning of Day 2 up to maximum available visit time.

Day 6. Nouadhibou - Ben Amira & Ben Aisha monoliths - Night in Desert Camp
We depart early from Nouadhibou, heading towards the awe-inspiring Ben Amira. Along the way, we'll make stops to admire the breathtaking desert landscapes and capture stunning photos as we cross paths with the iconic Iron Ore Train. A picnic in the desert provides a chance to relax and enjoy the serene surroundings before continuing our journey. We’ll reach Ben Amira in the late afternoon, where we’ll explore the fascinating area. If sufficient time is left our visit includes also Ben Amira's "wife", Ben Aisha, renowned for its ancient inscriptions and sculptures carved into the rocks—an incredible glimpse into the past. As evening falls, we’ll set up camp under the stars, spending the night in the desert near Ben Amira, where the silence of the vast desert offers a unique and unforgettable experience. B/L/D

Day 7. Ben Amira - Choum Village - Iron Ore Train Tunnel - Atar - Chinguetti
Our journey begins with a drive towards the Choum Tunnel, a unique and rugged desert landmark and the only tunnel actually driving into Polisario controlled Western Sahara. Along the way, we’ll stop by Choum village and its train Station, a remote station in the heart of the desert, and place where travellers board on the Iron Ore train. Next, we’ll visit the Atar Divorced Women Market, a distinctive cultural site where local women gather to sell their goods. It’s an opportunity to learn about the community and its traditions. We then continue on to Chinguetti, one of Mauritania’s ancient UNESCO-listed cities. Once a major center of Islamic learning and trade, Chinguetti is home to historical gems that date back centuries. Our first stop will be the Chinguetti Mosque, one of the oldest mosques in Africa, and a symbol of the city’s long history and significance in the region. We’ll also explore the ancient manuscript library, where centuries-old books are preserved, and meet the librarian, who will share insights into the history of these precious texts. As the day comes to a close, we’ll enjoy a sunset over the dunes, marveling at the breathtaking desert landscape. For dinner, we’ll gather in the desert under the stars, where we’ll experience a traditional meal, followed by local music and dance performances, creating a memorable cultural experience. We’ll spend the night at Motel Caravans or a similar accommodation. B/L/D

Day 8. Chinguetti - Tenewchert Oasis - Africa Eye (Richat structure) - Ouadane
We begin the day with a drive through the desert trails, heading towards the Tenewchert Oasis, a hidden gem nestled in the Adrar region. This remote desert village offers a peaceful retreat and a unique glimpse into life in the Sahara. Upon arrival, we’ll visit the local school and have the opportunity to interact with the children. For those interested, it’s possible to bring small gifts such as school supplies, clothes, or sweets for the kids, helping to brighten their day. After our visit, we continue on to Ouadane, an ancient caravan town that once played a vital role in trans-Saharan trade. As the day winds down, we’ll drive through the desert to catch a sunset at the Africa Eye, the Richat Structure, a mesmerizing geological formation. The sight of the sun setting over this ancient landmark is a perfect end to the day. We’ll check in for an overnight stay at Motel Vasquez or a similar accommodation. B/L/D

Day 9. Ouadane - M'Heirth - Terjit Oasis
We begin the day with a visit to the historic old town of Ouadane, where we can explore the well-preserved remnants of this ancient caravan town. Its old houses and mosques offer a glimpse into the rich history of the region. From Ouadane, we head towards M'Heirth, a small desert village where traditional nomadic culture still thrives. Here, we’ll experience the warm hospitality of the locals and take part in a Mauritanian tea ceremony, a meaningful cultural tradition that offers insight into the region's customs. Continuing our journey, we reach Terjit Oasis, one of Mauritania’s most famous and picturesque oases. This lush haven, nestled between rugged mountains, provides a peaceful retreat where we can relax in the shade of palm trees and bathe in the soothing hot natural springs. As the sun sets, we’ll enjoy a traditional Mauritanian dinner under the stars, surrounded by the tranquil beauty of the desert. For the night, we’ll set up camp in this magical location, immersing ourselves in the peaceful ambiance of the oasis. B/L/D

Day 10. Terjit oasis - Nouakchott
After breakfast at Terjit Oasis, we begin our journey to Nouakchott, the vibrant capital of Mauritania. Once in Nouakchott, we’ll start by visiting the largest fishermen’s port in the country, where hundreds of boats bring in their daily catch. This bustling port is a perfect place to witness the local fishing industry and the rhythm of life along the Atlantic coast. Next, we’ll explore the National Museum, which offers a fascinating look into Mauritania’s history, culture, and heritage. It’s an excellent opportunity to deepen our understanding of this diverse and storied country. We’ll also stop by the Saudi Mosque, the largest mosque in both Mauritania and West Africa, an impressive architectural marvel that stands as a symbol of the country’s Islamic heritage. For those interested in local culture, we’ll stroll through Nouakchott’s vibrant markets, where you can shop for souvenirs, spices, textiles, and much more. You’ll also have the chance to visit Africa’s second-largest camel market, where you can see these magnificent animals and even purchase one as a unique keepsake. To end the day, we’ll enjoy a farewell dinner at a beachside restaurant (optional), reflecting on the incredible journey we’ve shared. Overnight at Hotel Flora or a similar accommodation. B/L/-

Day 11. Departure
Today marks the end of our incredible journey. We’ll provide transport to Nouakchott Airport for those heading home.
For those continuing on the Senegal Extension Program, we will begin the drive towards the border, crossing into Senegal to continue exploring the wonders of West Africa. B/-/-

Senegal Extension 

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